AI Safety

What AI providers state their models reached in safety testing, in their own words, and what outside testers found.

Also: compare models side by side · statements that a capability level was crossed · providers · practices providers document · safety news.

What providers state

Each row is one statement in a provider's own safety document about a capability level of one of its models: the level as the provider names it, whether the provider says the model reached it, and the sentence that says so.

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Model	Level, as the provider names it	The provider states	The provider's sentence
Muse Spark 1.1 Meta	Moderate or lower Misuse and jailbreaks	Not reached	“Therefore, we conclude that we have addressed these risks from unmitigated Muse Spark 1.1, which bring the residual risk to the “moderate or lower” risk threshold under our Advanced AI Scaling Framework.” source
Muse Spark Meta	Moderate or lower Autonomy and AI research	Not reached	“We assess loss of control risk as “moderate or lower”.” source
Muse Spark Meta	High Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not determined	“Those evaluations identified elevated risks prior to mitigations, with Chemical and Biological capabilities assessed as likely reaching the “high risk” category under the Advanced AI Scaling Framework before safeguards were applied.” source
Muse Spark Meta	Moderate or lower Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not reached	“However, after applying mitigations, the residual risk of the model is that of “moderate or lower risk.”” source
Muse Spark Meta	Below the level required to meaningfully enable the cyber threat scenarios defin Cyber	Not reached	“Muse Spark’s offensive cyber capabilities remain below the level required to meaningfully enable the cyber threat scenarios defined in the Advanced AI Scaling Framework.” source
Muse Spark Meta	Moderate or lower Cyber	Not reached	“We assess cybersecurity risk as “moderate or lower” with respect to the threat scenarios outlined in Meta’s Advanced AI Scaling Framework.” source
Gemini 4 Argon Google DeepMind	TCL (Tracked Capability Level) Autonomy and AI research	Not determined	“In light of this, we assess that we cannot rule out the TCL.” source
Gemini 4 Argon Google DeepMind	TCL (Tracked Capability Level) Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not reached	“We can rule out the TCL for the chemical, radiological, and nuclear domains with reasonable confidence.” source
Gemini 4 Argon Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Deception and sabotage	Not reached	“we assess its overall capabilities to be below the CCL threshold.” source
Gemini 4 Argon Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Misuse and jailbreaks	Not reached	“Gemini 4 Argon demonstrates some ability to influence user beliefs and behaviors during one-on-one direct conversations in human behavioral studies, and may provide utility in the planning stage of a malicious influence operation but we assess its overall capabilities to be below the CCL threshold.” source
Gemini 4 Argon Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not reached	“Gemini 4 Argon's performance remains below our CCL threshold.” source
Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Autonomy and AI research	Not reached	“The model does not reach the CCL alert threshold.” source
Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not reached	“We can rule out the CCL for the CBRN domain with reasonable conﬁdence based on the results from our testing.” source
Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind	TCL (Tracked Capability Level) Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not reached	“We can rule out the TCL for the CBRN domain with reasonable conﬁdence based on the results from our testing.” source
Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Cyber	Not reached	“Gemini 3.7 Flash reaches the alert threshold for this CCL, but not the CCL.” source
Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind	TCL (Tracked Capability Level) Deception and sabotage	Not reached	“The model does not reach the TCL.” source
Gemini 3.5 Transcribe Live Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not determined	“Our assessments have shown that none of Gemini 3.5 Translate, Gemini 3.5 Transcribe, or Gemini 3.5 Transcribe Live have meaningful new T/CCL-relevant capabilities or material increases in performance with respect to Frontier Safety compared to Gemini 3.1 Pro and Gemini 3.7 Flash, therefore we are conﬁdent that none of them are likely to reach any CCLs.” source
Gemini 3.5 Transcribe Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not determined	“Our assessments have shown that none of Gemini 3.5 Translate, Gemini 3.5 Transcribe, or Gemini 3.5 Transcribe Live have meaningful new T/CCL-relevant capabilities or material increases in performance with respect to Frontier Safety compared to Gemini 3.1 Pro and Gemini 3.7 Flash, therefore we are conﬁdent that none of them are likely to reach any CCLs.” source
Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not determined	“Our assessments have shown that, while Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite excels at agents and coding, it does not have meaningful new capabilities or material increases in performance with respect to the domains outlined in our Frontier Safety Framework compared to Gemini 3.1 Pro; therefore, based on Gemini 3.1 Pro results, we are confident that Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite is also unlikely to reach any CCLs.” source
Gemini 3.5 Audio Google DeepMind	Tracked or critical capability level (t/ccls) Other	Not reached	“they did not reach any Tracked or Critical Capability Levels (T/CCLs) outlined in our Frontier Safety Framework .” source
Gemini 3.1 Pro Google DeepMind	Uplift level 1 Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not reached	“We found that the model remains below alert thresholds for the CBRN, harmful manipulation, machine learning R&D, and misalignment CCLs.” source
Gemini 3.1 Pro Google DeepMind	Uplift level 1 Cyber	Not reached	“As previous models passed the alert threshold for cyber, we performed more additional testing in this domain on Gemini 3.1 Pro with and without Deep Think mode, and found that the model remains below the cyber CCL.” source
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not determined	“Our assessments have shown that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite is less capable than Gemini 3.1 Pro, therefore based on Gemini 3.1 Pro, we are confident that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite is also unlikely to reach any CCLs.” source
Gemini 3.1 Flash Audio Google DeepMind	CCL (Critical Capability Level) Other	Not determined	“Our assessments have shown that Gemini 3.1 Flash Audio is less capable than Gemini 3.1 Pro.” source
Gemini 2.5 Pro Google DeepMind	Machine Learning R&D Uplift Level 1 Autonomy and AI research	Not determined	“given Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview's poor median performance on RE-Bench relative to experts, the model likely lacks the necessary capabilities to automate or signiﬁcantly uplift any signiﬁcant fraction of the research process.” source
Gemini 2.5 Pro Google DeepMind	Instrumental Reasoning Level 1 Deception and sabotage	Not reached	“Instru- mental Reasoning Level 1 ✘ CCL not reached” source
Gemini 2.5 Pro Google DeepMind	Instrumental Reasoning Level 2 Deception and sabotage	Not reached	“Instru- mental Reasoning Level 2 ✘ CCL not reached” source
Gemini 2.5 Deep Think Google DeepMind	Uplift level 1 Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not determined	“Our assessment is that the model has enough technical knowledge in certain CBRN scenarios and stages to be considered at early warning.” source
Gemini 2.5 Deep Think Google DeepMind	Cyber Uplift Level 1 Cyber	Not determined	“CCL reached? No, but the early warning alert threshold was originally reached by Gemini 2.5 Pro and continues to be met by Gemini 2.5 Deep Think.” source
Gemini 2.5 Deep Think Google DeepMind	Uplift level 1 Cyber	Not determined	“For Cyber Uplift Level 1 , the early warning alert threshold was originally reached by Gemini 2.5 Pro and continues to be met by Gemini 2.5 Deep Think.” source
GPT-5.5 Instant OpenAI	Below high capability Autonomy and AI research	Not reached	“GPT-5.5 Instant is considered below High Capability.” source
GPT-5.5 Instant OpenAI	High Autonomy and AI research	Not reached	“For AI Self-Improvement, evaluations of final checkpoints indicate that, like its predecessor models, GPT-5.5 Instant does not have a plausible chance of reaching a High threshold.” source
GPT-5.5 Instant OpenAI	High Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Reached	“GPT-5.5 Instant is our first Instant model to be treated as High Capability in the Biological and Chemical domain, as well as in the Cybersecurity domain.” source
GPT-5.5 Instant OpenAI	High Cyber	Reached	“this is the first Instant model that we are treating as High capability in our Cybersecurity and Biological & Chemical Preparedness categories, and implementing appropriate safeguards.” source
GPT-5 OpenAI	High Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Reached	“Similarly to ChatGPT agent, we have decided to treat gpt-5-thinking as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain under our Preparedness Framework, activating the associated safeguards.” source
GPT-5 OpenAI	High cyber risk Cyber	Not reached	“The gpt-5 model series does not meet the threshold for high cyber risk.” source
Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic	AI R&D-4 Autonomy and AI research	Not reached	“All models tested remain below our pre-committed rule-out threshold of 0.6.” source
Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic	ASL-3 Autonomy and AI research	Not determined	“Exhibited improved autonomy capabilities in software engineering and AI research tasks, though still below the ASL-4 rule-out threshold.” source
Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic	ASL-3 Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not determined	“Remained well below ASL-4 thresholds across all domains of concern;” source
Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic	ASL-4 rule-out Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	Not determined	“However, given that this type of logic can have a general frog-boiling effect—where gradual changes mask the crossing of important thresholds—we do not use this evaluation as indicative of a strong ASL-4 rule-out.” source

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What outside testers report

Each row is one result from a government evaluator, independent lab, academic or security firm that tested a model, quoted from where it is reported.

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Model	Tester	Test	What was found
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweep over transcripts for AIs considering or trying to alert humans Deception and sabotage	“This classifier sweep across all of our transcripts only found 3-6 actual examples 100 of agents considering alerting humans or otherwise externally reporting these behaviors.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweeps over transcript dataset for agents attempting to evade detection Deception and sabotage	“We ran classifier sweeps over our transcript dataset to look for clear evidence of agents attempting to evade detection, either by automated checks or humans.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	deception scan over transcript dataset Deception and sabotage	“In its overall document accompanying a deception scan over our transcript dataset, an analysis agent stated that this scan found only very rare and weak reasoning about evading detection by humans , and the clearest cases it surfaced seemed relatively weak.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Deceiving humans classifier sweep Deception and sabotage	“Deceiving humans : This checked for agents attempting to deceive humans, which turned up some examples of agents writing innocuous comments accompanying malicious pull requests, as we discuss in the relevant section.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Transcript tampering classifier sweep Deception and sabotage	“Transcript tampering : This checked for agents attempting to tamper with their transcripts.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Evading security checks classifier sweep Cyber	“Evading security checks : This checked for agents engaged in sophisticated evasion of automated security and monitoring.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	deceiving humans sweep Deception and sabotage	“This checked for agents attempting to deceive humans, which turned up some examples of agents writing innocuous comments accompanying malicious pull requests, as we discuss in the relevant section.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	evading security checks sweep Deception and sabotage	“We didn’t have time to read and incorporate much analysis from this sweep during our third period on premises, but include some anecdotes from the version of the sweep we ran on ~285 transcripts during our second period.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	transcript tampering sweep Deception and sabotage	“This sweep uncovered many examples of agents attempting to tamper with their transcripts in various ways.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	CoT manipulation sweep Deception and sabotage	“CoT manipulation: This checked for agents reasoning about manipulating their own chain of thought in order to fool the scorer; it did not turn up evidence of this, though it turned up many examples of agents reasoning about how they should not look at the HMAC reverse-engineered flag for their task to avoid being poisoned.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	alerting humans sweep Other	“Alerting humans : This checked for agents trying to warn humans about the cheating, attack on Hugging Face, or other unsanctioned agent activity; it turned up very few instances of this, and of the 3-6 examples found, all of them were of agents briefly considering alerting a human but not acting on it.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweep across all transcripts Deception and sabotage	“We ran a classifier sweep across all transcripts which found these 96 instances.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	deception sweep Deception and sabotage	“We ran three sweeps looking for deception.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	message tracing of non-file messages to writing agents Deception and sabotage	“We randomly sampled 100 non-file messages and traced them to agents that wrote and read them and used this context to determine whether the message was related to the Hugging Face attack, finding that for 15 Hugging Face related messages, we were only able to find the agent that wrote them in our initial transcript set in three cases.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	transcript spoofing analysis Deception and sabotage	“Roughly 7% of the transcripts we evaluated were successfully spoofed in some places, though all of the spoofing that we saw was small scale.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	ExploitGym Autonomy and AI research	“On July 8th, OpenAI started ExploitGym experiments that launched tens of thousands of agents across multiple different models including GPT-5.6 Sol and a highly-persistent internal model,6 which we will refer to as “HPIM” going forward.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifiers over 10-30 transcripts Deception and sabotage	“We ran classifiers over 10-30 transcripts98 to determine whether agents understood they were doing something unintended.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweep over all transcripts for alerting humans Deception and sabotage	“We ran a classifier sweep over all of our transcripts to look for AIs either considering or trying to alert humans of hacking, cheating, or other unwanted activity by other agents.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweeps over transcript dataset for evading detection Deception and sabotage	“We ran classifier sweeps over our transcript dataset to look for clear evidence of agents attempting to evade detection, either by automated checks or humans.101” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	evading detection sweep Deception and sabotage	“During our second time on premises, we ran a sweep over all of our transcripts looking specifically for evading detection by humans or deception aimed specifically at humans.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	deception sweep with updated prompt Deception and sabotage	“During our third time on premises we ran another sweep over the entirety of our larger set of transcripts with a slightly updated prompt.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier scans for tampering Other	“Our classification found a tampering event that appeared to happen much earlier, before even the founding of the message board, but currently we think this is incorrect.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	message tracing replication Other	“OpenAI replicated our analysis with a large sample size: they took 2000 randomly sampled non-file messages, then narrowed this down to a subset of around 300 messages very clearly focused on attacking Hugging Face.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	Redwood Research Independent lab · 2026-08-26	open-ended transcript search Other	“We also asked an agent to open-endedly search through all of our transcripts for interesting phenomena; while many of its claims did not hold up to scrutiny, it did unearth some interesting examples of conflict between agents.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	independent investigation of the Hugging Face hacking incident Other	“Two METR staff members (Hjalmar Wijk and Ajeya Cotra) and a Redwood Research staff member contracting with METR (Ryan Greenblatt) worked on premises at OpenAI over a total of six days 1 to attempt to form an independent understanding of model behavior observed during the recent incident in which OpenAI agents coordinated a multi-day hack of Hugging Face on a shared unsanctioned “message board.”” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	classifier sweep for evidence of transcript tampering interest Deception and sabotage	“We ran a classifier across all our trajectories looking for evidence of transcript tampering interest.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	message classification sweep Deception and sabotage	“These estimates are based on our message classification sweep and involve comparing numbers from two different ways of classifying whether a message is an assignment, so the numbers here are uncertain (see details ).” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	message tracing completeness estimate Other	“This agent was able to eventually locate the agent tool call that wrote the message for 93 of these messages.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Hugging Face attack classifier sweep Other	“Hugging Face attack : This checked for agents attacking Hugging Face infrastructure or doing other activities clearly instrumental to the attack (e.g., looking for exposed Hugging Face credentials online), which indicated that roughly 700 agents participated in the attack.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Alternative agent communication classifier sweep Other	“Alternative agent communication : This checked for agents engaging in unsanctioned communication outside of the main message board, and showed communication conducted in multiple other places on Artifactory and elsewhere.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Message deletion and modification classifier sweep Other	“Message deletion and modification: This checked for agents trying to delete or modify message board entries, and showed some agents attempting to delete or modify messages but not successfully.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Intermediate hacking targets classifier sweep Other	“Intermediate hacking targets: This checked for agents hacking other parties as an instrumental step on the way to hacking Hugging Face.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Large joint projects classifier sweep Other	“Large joint projects : This checked for agents engaging in large joint projects with other agents on the message board; we didn’t have time to read and incorporate much analysis from this sweep.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Team structures and coordination classifier sweep Other	“Team structures and coordination : This checked for agents participating in sophisticated team structures and coordination activity with other agents; we didn’t have time to read and incorporate much analysis from this sweep.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Helping peers classifier sweep Other	“Helping peers : This checked for agents helping without clear benefit for their own task, which unearthed many examples (including many cases of agents conducting self-risking experiments for the group that we discuss extensively in the section on large collective projects ).” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	Evading security checks sweep Other	“9. Evading security checks : This checked for agents engaged in sophisticated evasion of automated security and monitoring.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI	METR Independent lab · 2026-08-26	ExploitGym Cyber	“7月8日，OpenAI 启动了 ExploitGym 实验，在多个不同模型上运行了数万个智能体，其中包括 GPT-5.6 Sol 和一个具有高度坚持性的内部模型6（下文简称“HPIM”）。” source
Grok 4.6 xAI	Independent lab Independent lab · 2026-08-12	Fortress-RN Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear	“* FORTRESS-RN results are taken from evaluations conducted by Scale AI.” source
Grok 4.6 Cursor	Independent lab Independent lab · 2026-08-12	aa gdpval Other	“AA GDPVal (GDPval-AA v2)* evaluates models on economically valuable knowledge-work deliverables (documents, analyses, and professional artifacts) spanning occupations that contribute substantially to GDP .” source
Grok 4.6 Cursor	Independent lab Independent lab · 2026-08-12	aa briefcase Other	“AA Briefcase (Artificial Analysis) evaluates frontier agents on long-horizon, multi-week professional knowledge-work projects that produce deliverables such as spreadsheets, presentations, memos, financial models, and PDFs.* Scenarios are expert-built, multi-file, and offline (no internet).” source

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