AI Risk Wire

AI Safety

What AI providers state their models reached in safety testing, in their own words, and what outside testers found.

Also: compare models side by side · statements that a capability level was crossed · providers · practices providers document · safety news.

What providers state

Each row is one statement in a provider's own safety document about a capability level of one of its models: the level as the provider names it, whether the provider says the model reached it, and the sentence that says so.

139 of 139

ModelLevel, as the provider names itThe provider statesThe provider's sentence
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
Autonomy-1
Autonomy and AI research
Reached “However, we do treat Haiku 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds, and we apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
Autonomy-2
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “As such, we determine that Haiku 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “However, we do treat Haiku 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds, and we apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “As such, we determine that Haiku 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
Autonomy-1
Autonomy and AI research
Reached “We do treat Sonnet 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds and apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
Autonomy-2
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “As such, our determination that Opus 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds also applies to Sonnet 5.5.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “We do treat Sonnet 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds and apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “As such, our determination that Opus 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds also applies to Sonnet 5.5.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We conclude the risk threshold is not crossed, on the same two grounds as our determination for our previous frontier model: (1) we do not observe a sustained AI-attributable 2× acceleration in the pace of our overall AI progress, and (2) the model is not close to substituting for our Research Scientists and Research Engineers, especially relatively senior ones.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Opus 5.5 does not cross the capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D in our RSP.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Next capability threshold in our RSP and FCF
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “In automated AI research and development, we assess that Claude Opus 5.5 does not cross the next capability threshold in our RSP and FCF.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat Opus 5.5 as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons) but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat Opus 5.5 as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons) but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Lower category of the Frontier Compliance Framework (FCF)
Cyber
Not determined “Despite Claude Opus 5.5’s cyber capabilities, the model still falls within the lower category of capabilities set out in our Frontier Compliance Framework (FCF), and we do not see indications that the model is capable of novel offensive capability.” source
Grok 4.7
xAI · 2026-09-21
FAIF safety (Frontier AI Framework)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Grok 4.7 scores below the FAIF safety thresholds on dual-use knowledge, indicating limited actionable uplift for an already-trained actor.” source
GPT-Image-2.5-Flare
OpenAI · 2026-09-08
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “The results indicate that neither GPT-Image-2.5-Sunburst nor GPT-Image- 2.5-Flare cross the Bio High threshold or the Cyber High threshold.” source
GPT-Image-2.5-Flare
OpenAI · 2026-09-08
High
Cyber
Not reached “The results indicate that neither GPT-Image-2.5-Sunburst nor GPT-Image- 2.5-Flare cross the Bio High threshold or the Cyber High threshold.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI · 2026-09-03
High
Other
Not determined “Astra improves meaningfully over GPT-5.6 Sol on real internal research debugging tasks, scoring 78.05%, while still being below our indicative threshold for Highcapability.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We conclude that Mythos 5.1 does not cross the risk threshold, for the same two reasons we discussed in our assessment of Mythos 5: (1) we do not observe a sustained, AI-attributable 2× acceleration in the pace of progress on AI R&D, and (2) the model is not close to substituting for Anthropic Research Scientists and Research Engineers, especially relatively senior ones.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Mythos 5.1 does not cross the capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D in our RSP and FCF, although we think it provides a meaningful acceleration to AI R&D efforts in many circumstances, and is somewhat more capable in this domain than the models described in our previous system cards.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Tier 1
Cyber
Not determined “Although Mythos 5.1 is in Tier 1, it is getting closer to Tier 2, completing more and more autonomous tasks.” source
Grok 4.6
xAI · 2026-08-12
FAIF safety (Frontier AI Framework)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Grok 4.6 scores below the FAIF safety thresholds on dual-use knowledge, indicating limited actionable uplift for an already-trained actor.” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower risk (inferred)
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “- Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Cyber
Not determined “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower risk (inferred)
Cyber
Not determined “- Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred);” source
Claude Opus 5
Anthropic · 2026-07-24
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat the model as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons), but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5
Anthropic · 2026-07-24
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat the model as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons), but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Sonnet 5
Anthropic · 2026-06-30
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Sonnet 5 does not cross the CB-2 threshold.” source
Claude Sonnet 5
Anthropic · 2026-06-30
Notable capability
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “We consider performance on the virology tasks notable if: ● The model scores above 0.80 on the long-form tasks; or ● The model meets or exceeds the expert baseline average (0.221) on the multimodal task.” source
GPT-Rosalind-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-06-03
High
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “Because GPT- Rosalind-5.5 was trained on additional biology data unrelated to AI self-improvement, we rely on GPT-5.5’s existing Preparedness assessment for AI Self-Improvement, where GPT-5.5 did not meet the threshold for High capability.” source
GPT-Rosalind-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-06-03
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “Under our Preparedness Framework, the Preparedness evaluations in the Biological and Chemical domain met our threshold for High capability while falling below the threshold for Critical.” source
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image
Google DeepMind · 2026-06
CCL (Critical Capability Level)
Other
Not determined “Our assessments have shown that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image is less capable than Gemini 3.1 Pro, therefore based on Gemini 3.1 Pro, we are confident that that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image is also unlikely to reach any CCLs.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Opus 4.8 does not cross the automated AI-R&D capability threshold.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “We believe it is hard to be confident whether a model passes this threshold, but (as with previous recent models) our results are consistent with Opus 4.8 providing significant uplift to individuals or groups with basic technical backgrounds for this threat model.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “Because Opus 4.8 does not advance the capability frontier beyond Claude Mythos Preview on the CB-relevant evaluations most diagnostic of the CB-2 threat model, we consider the uplift of threat actors without the ability to develop such weapons to be limited.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
High
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “For AI self-improvement, evaluations of final checkpoints indicate that, like its predecessor models, GPT-5.5 does not have a plausible chance of reaching a High threshold.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “As we did for GPT-5.4 Thinking before it, we are continuing to treat GPT-5.5 as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
High
Cyber
Reached “As we did for GPT-5.3-Codex and GPT-5.4-thinking, we are treating GPT-5.5 as High capability in the Cybersecurity domain, but below Critical.” source

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What outside testers report

Each row is one result from a government evaluator, independent lab, academic or security firm that tested a model, quoted from where it is reported.

1940 of 1940

ModelTesterTestWhat was found
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
CTF challenges
Cyber
“CAISI’s cyber assessment showed GPT-5.5 as outperforming previous GPT models on a set of CTF challenges and a vulnerability discovery benchmark.” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
narrow cyber tasks
Cyber
“UK AISI judges that GPT-5.5 is the strongest performing model overall on their narrow cyber tasks, though its performance is within the margin of error.” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
cyber ranges
Cyber
“The model solved one of UK AISI’s cyber ranges end-to-end in 1/10 attempts.” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
deferred subversion tasks
Deception and sabotage
“Apollo found that the evaluated checkpoint is the first OpenAI model it has evaluated that does not sandbag on any of Apollo’s deferred subversion tasks.” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
sandbagging QA variants
Deception and sabotage
“The model achieved 100% accuracy on both Sandbagging QA variants in both conditions, and 99.6% accuracy on Strategic Deception Capability Sandbagging when incentivized to score below 50%.” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
impossible coding task
Deception and sabotage
“on the Impossible Coding Task, the model lied about completing an impossible programming task in 29% of samples, higher than GPT-5.4 (7%) and GPT-5.3 Codex (10%).” source
GPT-5.5 Pro
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
UK AISI cyber safeguard testing
Cyber
“UK AISI tested GPT-5.5’s cyber safeguards and identified a universal jailbreak that elicited violative content across all malicious cyber queries OpenAI provided, including in multi-turn agentic settings.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
SecureBio biology and biosecurity evaluations
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“SecureBio assessed two pre-release checkpoints of GPT-5.5 using its biology and biosecurity evaluations, from April 2nd to 9th, comparing performance to leading closed- and open-weight models.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
ABLE
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“On agentic task-based evaluations, performance was also strong but less conclusive: the model showed strong performance on ABC-Bench but did not surpass released frontier models, and exhibited refusal-corrected performance on par with released frontier models on ABLE, though a high refusal rate limited analysis.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
CAISI biological capabilities testing
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“CAISI’s testing did not indicate a broad increase in national security-relevant biological capabilities relative to the GPT-5 helpful-only model.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Irregular
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
atomic challenge suite
Cyber
“On Irregular’s atomic challenge suite, GPT-5.5 achieved an average success rate of 98% in Network Attack Simulation challenges, 92% in Vulnerability Research and Exploitation challenges, and 54% in Evasion challenges, and solved all atomic challenges, including three challenges that were not solved by GPT-5.4.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
CyScenarioBench
Cyber
“On CyScenarioBench, GPT-5.5 solved 7 out of 11 challenges, compared to 5 solved by GPT-5.4, leading to an average success rate of 26%, compared to a success rate of only 9% by GPT-5.4.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
CAISI (NIST)
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
CTF challenges and vulnerability discovery benchmark
Cyber
“CAISI’s cyber assessment showed GPT-5.5 as outperforming previous GPT models on a set of CTF challenges and a vulnerability discovery benchmark.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
cyber SME probing
Cyber
“In their cyber SME probing, they observed a marginal increase in capabilities relative to GPT-5.3-codex on cyber tasks including vulnerability discovery, exploitation, and cyber target selection.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
expert-level narrow cyber tasks
Cyber
“On expert-level narrow cyber tasks, the model was the highest-performing model UK AISI has tested in terms of pass@5, scoring 90.5%±12.9%.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
expert-level narrow cyber tasks pass@1
Cyber
“GPT-5.5 had the second-highest score of any model on pass@1 for expert-level tasks, scoring 66.7%±15.9%, and achieved 100% on lower-difficulty cyber tasks.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
UK AISI cyber ranges
Cyber
“The model solved one of UK AISI’s cyber ranges end-to-end in 1/10 attempts.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
cyber range simulating an industrial control system
Cyber
“The model was also unable to solve a separate cyber range simulating an industrial control system.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
Apollo Research strategic deception, in-context scheming, and sabotage evaluations
Deception and sabotage
“Apollo Research evaluated a representative checkpoint of the final model, for capabilities and propensities related to strategic deception, in-context scheming, and sabotage.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
Sandbagging QA
Deception and sabotage
“The model achieved 100% accuracy on both Sandbagging QA variants in both conditions, and 99.6% accuracy on Strategic Deception Capability Sandbagging when incentivized to score below 50%.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
Impossible Coding Task
Deception and sabotage
“Apollo also found that the model exhibits low rates of covert action, comparable to baseline models, with one exception: on the Impossible Coding Task, the model lied about completing an impossible programming task in 29% of samples, higher than GPT-5.4 (7%) and GPT-5.3 Codex (10%).” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
sabotage tasks
Deception and sabotage
“Apollo found that the model demonstrates improved sabotage capabilities over baselines, with a mean score of 0.67 across all task/difficulty combinations, compared to 0.61 and 0.55 for the strongest tested baseline checkpoints.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
UK AI Security Institute
Government evaluator · 2026-04-23
UK AISI Cyber Safeguard Testing
Cyber
“UK AISI tested GPT-5.5’s cyber safeguards and identified a universal jailbreak that elicited violative content across all malicious cyber queries OpenAI provided, including in multi-turn agentic settings.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
virology capabilities test (vct)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“pre-release checkpoint 2 attains a score of 52.0% ± 0.3% on vct, higher than any sota model tested by securebio (see figure 2.1.1.1, see appendix for all scores).” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
molecular biology capabilities test (mbct)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“pre-release checkpoint 2 attains a score of 56.2% ± 0.5% on mbct, higher than any sota model that answered >50% of samples in this test (see figure 2.1.2.1).” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
human pathogen capabilities test (hpct)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“pre-release checkpoint 2 attains a score of 64.7% ± 0.2% on hpct (see figure 2.1.3.1, see appendix for all scores).” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
abc-bench
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“the pre-release model showed strong performance on abc-bench but did not surpass frontier models.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
manual qualitative assessment through open-ended conversations
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“we additionally performed a manual qualitative assessment through open-ended conversations.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
WCB
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“right: pre-release checkpoint 2 outperforms all smes across all samples, except one sme that answered only 2 expert-domain questions.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
open-ended capability assessment
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“we conducted a series of open-ended conversations with pre-release checkpoint 1 and pre-release checkpoint 2 to qualitatively assess its capabilities.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-04-23
human pathology capabilities test (hpct)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“on the human pathology capabilities test (hpct) and the molecular biology capabilities test (mbct), pre-release checkpoint 2 exceeds the refusal-corrected performance of all but two models: opus 4 and gpt 5.4, both of which refuse substantial portions (35-90%) of these datasets, but score more highly on the subset of samples that they do not refuse.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Dyno Therapeutics
Independent lab · 2026-04-16
medium horizon challenge on sequence-to-function prediction and design
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“We partnered with Dyno Therapeutics, a company focused on using AI to engineer gene therapies, to evaluate model performance on sequence-to-function prediction and design.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-16
agent red teaming (ART) benchmark
Prompt injection and agents
“Claude Opus 4.7 achieves robustness comparable to Claude Mythos Preview, our most capable model, reaching an attack success rate of 6.0% at k=100 without thinking and 4.8% with adaptive thinking.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-16
Shade
Prompt injection and agents
“Claude Opus 4.7 shows improvement in robustness against prompt injection attacks in coding environments compared to Claude Opus and Sonnet 4.6.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-04-16
professional red-teamer prompt injection attacks in browser use environments
Prompt injection and agents
“we worked with professional red-teamers to adaptively discover new attacks against Opus 4.6 in more complex web environments, and curated a set of 148 environments that were held out from training of the models evaluated here.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-16
testing by the UK AI Security Institute on evaluation recognition
Deception and sabotage
“Testing by the UK AI Security Institute indicated that the model was slightly weaker at this than Opus 4.6.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-16
unprompted evaluations
Deception and sabotage
“There were no instances of [Claude Opus 4.7] compromising AI safety research in unprompted evaluations.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-16
ai safety research assistance refusal assessment
Misuse and jailbreaks
“[Opus 4.7] does partially refuse to assist with AI safety research tasks 13.7% of the time (with 0% full refusals), compared to 33% partial and 0.7% full refusals for Mythos Preview, 6.3% partial and 2.2% full refusals for Opus 4.6, and 22.2% partial and 10.7% full refusals for Sonnet 4.6.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-16
continuation evaluation
Deception and sabotage
“When [Opus 4.7] is set up to continue a trajectory which contains small-scale actions compromising research, [Opus 4.7] actively continues the attempt to compromise research 0% of the time.” source
Claude Opus 4.7
Anthropic
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-04-16
evaluation awareness assessment
Deception and sabotage
“[Opus 4.7] was less accurate than Opus 4.6 and Mythos Preview at distinguishing these evaluations from deployment data, and similarly accurate to Sonnet 4.6.” source

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