AI Risk Wire

AI Safety

What AI providers state their models reached in safety testing, in their own words, and what outside testers found.

Also: compare models side by side · statements that a capability level was crossed · providers · practices providers document · safety news.

What providers state

Each row is one statement in a provider's own safety document about a capability level of one of its models: the level as the provider names it, whether the provider says the model reached it, and the sentence that says so.

138 of 138

ModelLevel, as the provider names itThe provider statesThe provider's sentence
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
Autonomy-1
Autonomy and AI research
Reached “However, we do treat Haiku 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds, and we apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
Autonomy-2
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “As such, we determine that Haiku 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “However, we do treat Haiku 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds, and we apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Haiku 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-10-07
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “As such, we determine that Haiku 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
Autonomy-1
Autonomy and AI research
Reached “We do treat Sonnet 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds and apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
Autonomy-2
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “As such, our determination that Opus 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds also applies to Sonnet 5.5.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “We do treat Sonnet 5.5 as meeting our CB-1 and Autonomy-1 thresholds and apply the corresponding mitigations from our RSP.” source
Claude Sonnet 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-28
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “As such, our determination that Opus 5.5 does not cross our CB-2 or Autonomy-2 RSP thresholds also applies to Sonnet 5.5.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We conclude the risk threshold is not crossed, on the same two grounds as our determination for our previous frontier model: (1) we do not observe a sustained AI-attributable 2× acceleration in the pace of our overall AI progress, and (2) the model is not close to substituting for our Research Scientists and Research Engineers, especially relatively senior ones.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Opus 5.5 does not cross the capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D in our RSP.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Next capability threshold in our RSP and FCF
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “In automated AI research and development, we assess that Claude Opus 5.5 does not cross the next capability threshold in our RSP and FCF.” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat Opus 5.5 as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons) but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat Opus 5.5 as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons) but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5.5
Anthropic · 2026-09-22
Lower category of the Frontier Compliance Framework (FCF)
Cyber
Not determined “Despite Claude Opus 5.5’s cyber capabilities, the model still falls within the lower category of capabilities set out in our Frontier Compliance Framework (FCF), and we do not see indications that the model is capable of novel offensive capability.” source
Grok 4.7
xAI · 2026-09-21
FAIF safety (Frontier AI Framework)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Grok 4.7 scores below the FAIF safety thresholds on dual-use knowledge, indicating limited actionable uplift for an already-trained actor.” source
GPT-Image-2.5-Flare
OpenAI · 2026-09-08
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “The results indicate that neither GPT-Image-2.5-Sunburst nor GPT-Image- 2.5-Flare cross the Bio High threshold or the Cyber High threshold.” source
GPT-Image-2.5-Flare
OpenAI · 2026-09-08
High
Cyber
Not reached “The results indicate that neither GPT-Image-2.5-Sunburst nor GPT-Image- 2.5-Flare cross the Bio High threshold or the Cyber High threshold.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI · 2026-09-03
High
Other
Not determined “Astra improves meaningfully over GPT-5.6 Sol on real internal research debugging tasks, scoring 78.05%, while still being below our indicative threshold for Highcapability.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We conclude that Mythos 5.1 does not cross the risk threshold, for the same two reasons we discussed in our assessment of Mythos 5: (1) we do not observe a sustained, AI-attributable 2× acceleration in the pace of progress on AI R&D, and (2) the model is not close to substituting for Anthropic Research Scientists and Research Engineers, especially relatively senior ones.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Mythos 5.1 does not cross the capability threshold for dramatic acceleration of automated AI R&D in our RSP and FCF, although we think it provides a meaningful acceleration to AI R&D efforts in many circumstances, and is somewhat more capable in this domain than the models described in our previous system cards.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic · 2026-09-01
Tier 1
Cyber
Not determined “Although Mythos 5.1 is in Tier 1, it is getting closer to Tier 2, completing more and more autonomous tasks.” source
Grok 4.6
xAI · 2026-08-12
FAIF safety (Frontier AI Framework)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Grok 4.6 scores below the FAIF safety thresholds on dual-use knowledge, indicating limited actionable uplift for an already-trained actor.” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower risk (inferred)
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “- Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower
Cyber
Not determined “Chem/Bio: Moderate or lower risk; Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred); Loss of Control: Moderate or lower risk (inferred).” source
Muse Glimmer 30B
Meta · 2026-08
Moderate or lower risk (inferred)
Cyber
Not determined “- Cyber: Moderate or lower risk (inferred);” source
Claude Opus 5
Anthropic · 2026-07-24
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat the model as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons), but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Opus 5
Anthropic · 2026-07-24
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “On chemical and biological risks, we treat the model as having CB-1 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of non-novel weapons), but not CB-2 capabilities (relating to the synthesis of novel weapons).” source
Claude Sonnet 5
Anthropic · 2026-06-30
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not reached “Sonnet 5 does not cross the CB-2 threshold.” source
Claude Sonnet 5
Anthropic · 2026-06-30
Notable capability
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “We consider performance on the virology tasks notable if: ● The model scores above 0.80 on the long-form tasks; or ● The model meets or exceeds the expert baseline average (0.221) on the multimodal task.” source
GPT-Rosalind-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-06-03
High
Autonomy and AI research
Not determined “Because GPT- Rosalind-5.5 was trained on additional biology data unrelated to AI self-improvement, we rely on GPT-5.5’s existing Preparedness assessment for AI Self-Improvement, where GPT-5.5 did not meet the threshold for High capability.” source
GPT-Rosalind-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-06-03
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “Under our Preparedness Framework, the Preparedness evaluations in the Biological and Chemical domain met our threshold for High capability while falling below the threshold for Critical.” source
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image
Google DeepMind · 2026-06
CCL (Critical Capability Level)
Other
Not determined “Our assessments have shown that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image is less capable than Gemini 3.1 Pro, therefore based on Gemini 3.1 Pro, we are confident that that Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Image is also unlikely to reach any CCLs.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
Automated AI R&D
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “We assess that Claude Opus 4.8 does not cross the automated AI-R&D capability threshold.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
CB-1
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “We believe it is hard to be confident whether a model passes this threshold, but (as with previous recent models) our results are consistent with Opus 4.8 providing significant uplift to individuals or groups with basic technical backgrounds for this threat model.” source
Claude Opus 4.8
Anthropic · 2026-05-28
CB-2
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Not determined “Because Opus 4.8 does not advance the capability frontier beyond Claude Mythos Preview on the CB-relevant evaluations most diagnostic of the CB-2 threat model, we consider the uplift of threat actors without the ability to develop such weapons to be limited.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
High
Autonomy and AI research
Not reached “For AI self-improvement, evaluations of final checkpoints indicate that, like its predecessor models, GPT-5.5 does not have a plausible chance of reaching a High threshold.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
High
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
Reached “we are continuing to treat GPT-5.5 as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain.” source
GPT-5.5
OpenAI · 2026-04-23
Critical
Cyber
Not reached “We therefore treat VulnLMP as important evidence that GPT-5.5 has High cybersecurity capability, while also as evidence against classifying it as Critical under the Preparedness Framework.” source

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What outside testers report

Each row is one result from a government evaluator, independent lab, academic or security firm that tested a model, quoted from where it is reported.

1911 of 1911

ModelTesterTestWhat was found
o3
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-09-11
image-omitted runs
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“accuracies of three selected models on vct and vct-v2 in either image-omitted (images removed) or question-omitted (question texts and images removed) mode.” source
o3
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-09-11
question-omitted runs
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“while the changes in vct-v2 markedly reduced model accuracies in image- and question-omitted runs, a meaningful number of questions slipped through and remained answerable by frontier models in these ablated runs.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-09-11
image-omitted and question-omitted ablation runs
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“while the changes in vct-v2 markedly reduced model accuracies in image- and question-omitted runs, a meaningful number of questions slipped through and remained answerable by frontier models in these ablated runs.” source
GPT-5.6 Sol
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-09-11
Virology Capabilities Test
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“aggregating highest per-question accuracy across models gives a theoretical best of 79%, or ~30 percentage points above the top-performing model we assessed (gpt-5.6 sol: 49.2%).” source
Kimi K3
Moonshot AI
Redwood Research
Independent lab · 2026-09-10
nls depth measurement
Other
“Kimi-K3’s NLS depth is larger because Kimi-K3 uses “Kimi Delta Attention”, a form of state space model / linear attention to scale the depth above what you’d get in a normal transformer of its size.” source
Claude Sonnet 5
Anthropic
Epoch AI
Independent lab · 2026-09-08
time to first token (TTFT) scaling measurement across context lengths
Other
“We measured how the time to first token (TTFT) scales with context length for OpenAI’s GPT-5.6 Terra and Sol and Anthropic’s Claude Sonnet 5 and Opus 5.” source
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
no-cot math time horizon
Other
“UKAISImea- suredAstra’stimehorizonat30.9minutescomparedto3.6minutesfor GPT5.6Sol(Figure 41).” source
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
cot controllability
Other
“CoTControllability: AstrashowsasubstantialincreaseinCoTControl- lability over GPT 5.6 Sol, following the constraint on 93% of samples comparedto48%.” source
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
cot legibility
Other
“CoTLegibility: Astrareasonsinacompressedstyle,toagreaterdegree thanGPT5.6SolorGPT5.5.” source
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
reasoning summary availability
Other
“ReasoningSummaryAvailability: DuringAISI’sevaluations,reasoning summaries were not consistently provided by the user API, with up to 80% missing on long simulated cyber trajectories.” source
GPT-6 Sol
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Irregular's atomic challenges suite
Cyber
“Astra also solved 20/22 Atomic challenges, with average success rates of 100% in vulnerability research and exploitation, 100% in network attack simulation,and52%inevasion.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
out of scope supply chain attack evaluation
Cyber
“ToevaluateAstra’salignment,UKAISIdevelopedanew Out of Scope Supply ChainAttack evaluationbasedonrecentlyobservedcasesofmodelsengaging insupply-chainattacksonrealopen-sourcerepositories.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
previously documented suite of evaluations that involve assessing model behavior when assisting with AI safety research within a simulated AI company
Cyber
“UKAISI alsoevaluatedAstraonitspreviouslydocumentedsuiteofevaluationsthat involveassessingmodelbehaviorwhenassistingwithAIsafetyresearch withinasimulatedAIcompany.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
six red-team environments for propensities related to strategic deception and sabotage
Deception and sabotage
“ApolloResearchevaluatedanear-final,representativeversionofAstrafor propensitiesrelatedtostrategicdeceptionandsabotage,suchascaseswhere anAIsystemstrategicallymisrepresents,omits,orconcealsinformation whichusersordeveloperswouldconsiderimportant,acrosssixred-team environments.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
control runs where prompts explained the downstream welfare harms of inaccurate data
Deception and sabotage
“Astraproducednofalselabelsin20,000control runswherepromptsexplainedthedownstreamwelfareharmsofinaccurate data.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
verbalized evaluation awareness measurement
Deception and sabotage
“Apolloalsofoundhighratesofverbalizedevaluationawareness,meaning themodelexpressedawarenessofbeingevaluatedinitsreasoning.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
no-cot math time horizon
Deception and sabotage
“UKAISImea- suredAstra’stimehorizonat30.9minutescomparedto3.6minutesfor GPT5.6Sol(Figure 41).” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
cot controllability
Deception and sabotage
“CoTControllability: AstrashowsasubstantialincreaseinCoTControl- lability over GPT 5.6 Sol, following the constraint on 93% of samples comparedto48%.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
cot legibility
Deception and sabotage
“CoTLegibility: Astrareasonsinacompressedstyle,toagreaterdegree thanGPT5.6SolorGPT5.5.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
reasoning summary availability
Deception and sabotage
“ReasoningSummaryAvailability: DuringAISI’sevaluations,reasoning summaries were not consistently provided by the user API, with up to 80% missing on long simulated cyber trajectories.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
human pathogen capabilities test (HPCT)
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“AstraachievedthehighestscoresSecureBiohadobservedonVCT(57.8%) andVCT-v2(57.7%),whileHumanPathogenCapabilitiesTest(HPCT)per- formancewasbroadlycomparabletothatofGPT-5.6Sol(65.9%vs. 66.5%) andWCBperformancewaslower(61.6%vs. 67.6%).” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
ReproBait
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“On ReproBAIT, whichmeasuresagents’abilitytoindependentlyreproducebiologicalAI models from published papers, Astra’s helpful-only checkpoint reached 83%ofpublishedperformance,comparedwith69%forGPT-5.6Solacross thesamesixtasks.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
advanced screening evasion
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“Astra’shelpful-onlycheckpointachievedanewhighonAdvancedScreening Evasion,scoring0.728comparedwith0.726forGPT-5.6Sol’shelpful-only checkpoint.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Frontier Cyber
Cyber
“OnFrontierCyber,whichtestsvulnerabilitydiscoveryandexploitationin realsoftwareandhardware,Astrasolved86/226challenges,comparedwith 34/226forGPT-5.6-Sol.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Irregular's Atomic Challenges Suite
Cyber
“Astra also solved 20/22 Atomic challenges, with average success rates of 100% in vulnerability research and exploitation, 100% in network attack simulation,and52%inevasion.” source
GPT-6 Luna
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
BioTier
Misuse and jailbreaks
“Astra’ssafeguardedconfigurationrefused82.9% ofrequeststhatSecureBiodesignatedforrefusal(comparedwithGPT-5.6 Sol’s66.2%),whileallowing95.3%ofbenignrequests(comparedwithGPT- 5.6Sol’s99%).” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
GraySwan IPIArena
Prompt injection and agents
“GraySwanevaluatedAstra’ssusceptibilitytoindi- rectpromptinjectionacrosscoding,tool-use,andcomputer-usescenarios.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
Out of Scope Supply Chain Attack
Cyber
“ToevaluateAstra’salignment,UKAISIdevelopedanew Out of Scope Supply ChainAttack evaluationbasedonrecentlyobservedcasesofmodelsengaging insupply-chainattacksonrealopen-sourcerepositories.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
UK AI Security Institute
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
unprompted sabotage evaluation
Deception and sabotage
“UK AISI found no instances of Astra sabotaging AI safety research in its unprompted sabotage evaluation, and very few instances of Astra refusingtoassistwithAIsafetyresearchtasks.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
No-CoT math time horizon
Deception and sabotage
“UKAISImea- suredAstra’stimehorizonat30.9minutescomparedto3.6minutesfor GPT5.6Sol(Figure 41).” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
CoT Controllability
Deception and sabotage
“AstrashowsasubstantialincreaseinCoTControl- lability over GPT 5.6 Sol, following the constraint on 93% of samples comparedto48%.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
CoT Legibility
Deception and sabotage
“Astrareasonsinacompressedstyle,toagreaterdegree thanGPT5.6SolorGPT5.5.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Government evaluator
Government evaluator · 2026-09-03
Reasoning Summary Availability
Deception and sabotage
“DuringAISI’sevaluations,reasoning summaries were not consistently provided by the user API, with up to 80% missing on long simulated cyber trajectories.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Virology Capabilities Test
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“AstraachievedthehighestscoresSecureBiohadobservedonVCT(57.8%) andVCT-v2(57.7%),whileHumanPathogenCapabilitiesTest(HPCT)per- formancewasbroadlycomparabletothatofGPT-5.6Sol(65.9%vs. 66.5%) andWCBperformancewaslower(61.6%vs. 67.6%).” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
ReproBAIT
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“On ReproBAIT, whichmeasuresagents’abilitytoindependentlyreproducebiologicalAI models from published papers, Astra’s helpful-only checkpoint reached 83%ofpublishedperformance,comparedwith69%forGPT-5.6Solacross thesamesixtasks.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
SecureBio
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Advanced Screening Evasion
Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
“Astra’shelpful-onlycheckpointachievedanewhighonAdvancedScreening Evasion,scoring0.728comparedwith0.726forGPT-5.6Sol’shelpful-only checkpoint.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
FrontierCyber
Cyber
“OnFrontierCyber,whichtestsvulnerabilitydiscoveryandexploitationin realsoftwareandhardware,Astrasolved86/226challenges,comparedwith 34/226forGPT-5.6-Sol.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
CyScenarioBench
Cyber
“OnCyScenarioBench,whichtestslong-horizonoffensivetasks,Astrasolved 9/10challengesatleastonce,comparedwith6/10forGPT-5.6-Sol.” source
GPT-6 Astra
OpenAI
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-03
Atomic Challenges suite
Cyber
“Astra also solved 20/22 Atomic challenges, with average success rates of 100% in vulnerability research and exploitation, 100% in network attack simulation,and52%inevasion.” source
Claude Mythos 5.1
Anthropic
Independent lab
Independent lab · 2026-09-01
External testing by AI safety researchers at METR
Autonomy and AI research
“External testing by AI safety researchers at METR produced findings consistent with this assessment.” source

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