{"schema_version":"0.10.0","id":"LR-2026-0339","record_version":1,"title":"Robotaxi crash in Zhuzhou, China injures pedestrians","verification":{"human_verified":false,"method":"automated_gate","auto_verified":true,"score":60.0,"score_breakdown":{"source_authority":12.1,"independent_corroboration":20.0,"implicated_party_confirmed":0.0,"citation_integrity":14.0,"specificity":3.0,"completeness":3.84,"unhedged_language":4.06},"checks":{"schema_valid":true,"every_field_cited":true,"quotes_verbatim":true,"source_fetched":true,"distinct_incident":true,"dates_plausible":true,"sources_agree":true,"source_describes_incident":true,"severe_backed_by_source":true,"record_integrity":true,"eligible":true,"about_this_case":true},"gate_version":"gate-2026-10-18.7","cross_check_model":null,"cross_check_agreement":null,"duplicate_of":null,"verified_by":null,"verified_at":"2026-11-01","extraction_run_id":null,"evidence_level":{"level":"preliminary","reason":"1 report: VnExpress · subject to change","original_document":null,"reports_total":3,"reports_independent":1,"reports_derivative":0,"developing":false,"disputed":false,"rules_version":"evidence-2026-10-29.1","computed_at":"2026-11-01","history":[{"date":"2026-11-01","from_level":null,"to_level":"preliminary","reason":"1 report: VnExpress · subject to change"}]},"sources_hash":"2f8a1c6c8dea4f308b909ee7b22d68d181607ade02d23576407d8a5e7098b3ac"},"system":{"model_name":null,"model_version":null,"developer":"Baidu","harness":null,"tools_granted":[],"permissions_scope":null,"autonomy_level":"unknown","guardrails_present":[],"deployment_context":"production","tier":null,"lifecycle_stage":null,"integration_type":null,"intended_use":null,"safeguard_state":null,"production_intended":null},"event":{"date_occurred":null,"date_disclosed":"2025-12-08","incident_class":"physical_safety","failure_class":null,"agent_involved":true,"secondary_failure_classes":[],"trigger":"unknown","duration":null,"detection_method":"unknown","summary":"A Baidu-developed Level 4 robotaxi operated by Hello was driving southbound shortly after passing a pedestrian crosswalk in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, on the morning of 6 December. It struck two pedestrians, one of whom was trapped beneath the car, and both were taken to hospital with serious injuries. The vehicle reportedly failed to avoid them. Hello has suspended its robotaxi services after the accident. Local police had yet to issue a fault determination in later coverage, and authorities have reportedly asked all robotaxi operators to submit reports on their accident response measures and emergency procedures.","tags":[],"date_detected":null,"near_miss":null,"root_cause":null,"root_cause_detail":null,"failure_class_detail":"Reportedly failed to avoid pedestrians; one victim trapped beneath the vehicle","responsible_party":null,"adversarial_actor":null,"input_provenance":null,"time_to_contain":null,"operations_paused":null,"remediation":null,"precursor_events":null},"impact":{"direct_loss_usd":null,"remediation_hours":null,"records_exposed":null,"third_parties_affected_count":null,"severity":"severe","severity_because":"Safety-of-life test met: physical injury to two pedestrians, one trapped beneath the vehicle and both in intensive care","harm_class":["bodily"],"affected_description":null,"protected_class_involved":null,"data_categories_exposed":[],"loss_range_usd":null,"reversibility":null,"downstream_exposure_count":null},"evidence":{"sources":[{"url":"https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-08-413e","publisher":"OECD AI Policy Observatory","date":"2025-12-08","type":"press","title":"Robotaxi Accident in Zhuzhou Injures Two Pedestrians, Sparks Regulatory Concerns - OECD AI Policy Observatory","archived_url":null,"attachment":"first_report"},{"url":"https://e.vnexpress.net/news/tech/tech-news/china-s-first-major-robotaxi-crash-leaves-two-pedestrians-in-intensive-care-4991912.html","publisher":"VnExpress International","date":"2025-12-09","type":"press","title":"China’s first major robotaxi crash leaves two pedestrians in intensive care - VnExpress International","archived_url":null,"independence":"independent"},{"url":"https://m.jiemian.com/article/13750947.html","publisher":"Jiemian.com","date":"2025-12-14","type":"press","title":"Hello robotaxi crash tests China's autonomous-driving rollout as liability questions linger - Jiemian.com","archived_url":null}],"per_field_confidence":{"system.developer":"C","system.deployment_context":"C","event.agent_involved":"C","event.failure_class_detail":"C","impact.harm_class":"C","impact.severity":"C","context.country":"C","event.incident_class":"D","impact.severity_because":"D","event.summary":"C","system.autonomy_level":"D","event.trigger":"D","event.detection_method":"D","event.date_disclosed":"D","context.denominator_available":"D"},"field_citations":{"system.developer":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"A Baidu-developed robotaxi operated by Hello struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, leaving both seriously injured."}],"system.deployment_context":[{"source_index":2,"quote":"A pedestrian-injury crash involving a Hello Inc. robotaxi in the central city of Zhuzhou has renewed scrutiny of China's rapid push into commercial autonomous driving, raising fresh questions about how liability will be assigned when accidents occur."}],"event.agent_involved":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"The event explicitly involves an AI system (Level 4 autonomous vehicle) whose operation directly led to physical harm to pedestrians, meeting the definition of an AI Incident."}],"event.failure_class_detail":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"The AI-driven vehicle reportedly failed to avoid the pedestrians, with one victim trapped beneath the car."}],"impact.harm_class":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"A Baidu-developed robotaxi operated by Hello struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, leaving both seriously injured."}],"impact.severity":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"The harm is realized and severe (two pedestrians in intensive care)."}],"context.country":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"A Baidu-developed robotaxi operated by Hello struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, leaving both seriously injured."}],"event.incident_class":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"A Baidu-developed robotaxi operated by Hello struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, leaving both seriously injured."}],"impact.severity_because":[{"source_index":0,"quote":"The harm is realized and severe (two pedestrians in intensive care)."}],"event.summary":[{"source_index":1,"quote":"Local authorities said the accident occurred as the autonomous vehicle was traveling southbound shortly after passing a pedestrian crosswalk."},{"source_index":1,"quote":"According to witness accounts and videos shared on Weibo, the self-driving vehicle struck two pedestrians on the morning of Dec. 6."},{"source_index":0,"quote":"A Baidu-developed robotaxi operated by Hello struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, China, leaving both seriously injured."},{"source_index":0,"quote":"The AI-driven vehicle reportedly failed to avoid the pedestrians, with one victim trapped beneath the car."},{"source_index":1,"quote":"Hello has suspended its robotaxi services following the accident."},{"source_index":2,"quote":"Local police have yet to issue a fault determination, and Hello has not commented."},{"source_index":1,"quote":"Authorities have reportedly asked all robotaxi operators to submit reports detailing their accident response measures and emergency procedures."}]},"notes_on_gaps":"Sources give Dec. 6 without a year; 2025 is inferred from the publication dates of the reports and is a judgement. The vehicle is reported as a Baidu Apollo RT6 but no AI model name, version or harness is stated, so model fields are left out. No source states the cause of the crash, the failure class, the trigger, the detection method or any control that held, failed or was missing in this incident; these are left out. Liability and fault were undetermined in the sources. Autonomy level full-auto is taken from the source's description of the vehicle as Level 4. The severity tier severe was chosen on the safety-of-life test because pedestrians were seriously injured. The November 28 incident is a separate event involving the same operator and is recorded only in the timeline. Financial loss, records, durations and remediation hours are not stated. The B3 stop control in the remediation is a judgement that the suspension matches a stop control. Quoted sentences were copied exactly from the sources. [case created by the backfill: read by claude-haiku-5-5, backfill-2026-11-01.2, 2026-11-01; not yet reviewed] [2026-11-01: evidence level set: Preliminary (1 report: VnExpress · subject to change)]"},"context":{"industry":null,"org_size_band":null,"country":"CN","denominator_available":false,"denominator":null,"related_incident_ids":[],"systemic_exposure":null,"shared_model_id":null,"upstream_incident_id":null,"incident_evidence":null,"regulatory":null,"coverage":null},"narrative":{"steps":[{"step":"went_wrong","text":"The vehicle reportedly failed to avoid two pedestrians, one of whom was trapped beneath it.","quote":"The AI-driven vehicle reportedly failed to avoid the pedestrians, with one victim trapped beneath the car.","source_index":0,"grade":"C"},{"step":"done","text":"Hello suspended its robotaxi services after the accident.","quote":"Hello has suspended its robotaxi services following the accident.","source_index":1,"grade":"C"}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","prompt_version":"backfill-2026-11-01.2","extracted_at":"2026-11-01","source_urls":["https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-08-413e","https://e.vnexpress.net/news/tech/tech-news/china-s-first-major-robotaxi-crash-leaves-two-pedestrians-in-intensive-care-4991912.html","https://m.jiemian.com/article/13750947.html"]},"analysis":{"sections":{"timeline":[{"text":"The robotaxi struck two pedestrians in Zhuzhou; one was trapped beneath the vehicle.","quote":"According to witness accounts and videos shared on Weibo, the self-driving vehicle struck two pedestrians on the morning of Dec. 6.","source_index":1,"when":"morning of Dec. 6"},{"text":"Hello suspended its robotaxi services following the accident.","quote":"Hello has suspended its robotaxi services following the accident.","source_index":1,"when":null},{"text":"Local police had not yet issued a fault determination.","quote":"Local police have yet to issue a fault determination, and Hello has not commented.","source_index":2,"when":"2025-12-14"},{"text":"Authorities reportedly asked all robotaxi operators to submit accident response and emergency procedure reports.","quote":"Authorities have reportedly asked all robotaxi operators to submit reports detailing their accident response measures and emergency procedures.","source_index":1,"when":null}]},"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","prompt_version":"backfill-2026-11-01.2","extracted_at":"2026-11-01","source_urls":["https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-12-08-413e","https://e.vnexpress.net/news/tech/tech-news/china-s-first-major-robotaxi-crash-leaves-two-pedestrians-in-intensive-care-4991912.html","https://m.jiemian.com/article/13750947.html"]}}